BSD 内核链表宏深入解析：SLIST、LIST、SIMPLEQ、TAILQ 与 CIRCLEQ 全面剖析

 ## 系统讲解 BSD 内核中的链表宏实现，包括 SLIST、LIST、SIMPLEQ、TAILQ、CIRCLEQ 的结构设计与插入删除机制，揭示宏链表的底层实现思想与使用方法。理科生网地址：https://www.lksr.net/2025/11/bsd-slistlistsimpleqtailq-circleq.html {alertInfo}

由人工编写审核，非AI生成内容，请放心观看！

{getToc} $title={文章目录}

内核 BSD 提供宏实现的链表结构 SLIST 结构 和LIST 双向链表的分析。

BSD 内核链表宏深入解析：SLIST、LIST、SIMPLEQ、TAILQ 与 CIRCLEQ 全面剖析

类型	链接方式	是否双向	是否循环	典型用途
SLIST（Singly-linked list）	单向	否	否	快速插入头节点，删除复杂
LIST（Doubly-linked list）	双向	是	否	O(1) 插入、删除任意节点
SIMPLEQ（Simple queue）	单向	否	否	FIFO 队列
TAILQ（Tail queue）	双向	是	否	双端队列，可正反遍历
CIRCLEQ（Circular queue）	双向	是	是	循环双向链表结构

宏实现的双向队列，内核提供的宏函数

#ifndef	SYS_QUEUE_H__
#define	SYS_QUEUE_H__

/*
 * Singly-linked List definitions.
 */
#define SLIST_HEAD(name, type)						\\
struct name {								\\
	struct type *slh_first;	/* first element */			\\
}

#define	SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head)					\\
	{ NULL }

#ifndef _WIN32
#define SLIST_ENTRY(type)						\\
struct {								\\
	struct type *sle_next;	/* next element */			\\
}
#endif

/*
 * Singly-linked List access methods.
 */
#define	SLIST_FIRST(head)	((head)->slh_first)
#define	SLIST_END(head)		NULL
#define	SLIST_EMPTY(head)	(SLIST_FIRST(head) == SLIST_END(head))
#define	SLIST_NEXT(elm, field)	((elm)->field.sle_next)

#define	SLIST_FOREACH(var, head, field)					\\
	for((var) = SLIST_FIRST(head);					\\
	    (var) != SLIST_END(head);					\\
	    (var) = SLIST_NEXT(var, field))

/*
 * Singly-linked List functions.
 */
#define	SLIST_INIT(head) {						\\
	SLIST_FIRST(head) = SLIST_END(head);				\\
}

#define	SLIST_INSERT_AFTER(slistelm, elm, field) do {			\\
	(elm)->field.sle_next = (slistelm)->field.sle_next;		\\
	(slistelm)->field.sle_next = (elm);				\\
} while (0)

#define	SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(head, elm, field) do {			\\
	(elm)->field.sle_next = (head)->slh_first;			\\
	(head)->slh_first = (elm);					\\
} while (0)

#define	SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(head, field) do {				\\
	(head)->slh_first = (head)->slh_first->field.sle_next;		\\
} while (0)

SLIST_HEAD 用于定义一个链表的头部，也就是普通链表的头部

SLIST_ENTRY 用于定义一个链表的需要链接的实体 （通过 type 定义了具体的链表类型）

其他的就是单纯的插入编写操作。

SLIST_HEAD(int_list, int_node);  // 定义链表头
SLIST_ENTRY(int_node) node;      // 定义链表节点
struct int_node {
    int value;
    SLIST_ENTRY(int_node) nodes;
};

 struct int_list head = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head); // 初始化链表头

    struct int_node *node1 = malloc(sizeof(struct int_node));
    node1->value = 10;
    SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&head, node1, nodes);  // 插入到链表头部

    struct int_node *node2 = malloc(sizeof(struct int_node));
    node2->value = 20;
    SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&head, node2, nodes);  // 插入到链表头部

对于双向链表的

/*
 * List definitions.
 */
#define LIST_HEAD(name, type)						\
struct name {								\
	struct type *lh_first;	/* first element */			\
}

#define LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head)					\
	{ NULL }

#define LIST_ENTRY(type)						\
struct {								\
	struct type *le_next;	/* next element */			\
	struct type **le_prev;	/* address of previous next element */	\
}

这里的有一个定义的结构的 struct type **le_prev; 这里执行的类型上一个节点le_next的地址。

简单来说：这里指向的是上一个节点内部的 struct type *le_next 这个元素的指针的地址。通过他可以修改指针。

总结

第一：文本介绍了单项链表和双向链表、特定就是单项链表只能遍历，双向可以做到的直接删除。

第二：本文扩展了其他的类似结构。

SIMPLEQ（Simple queue）	单向	否	否	FIFO 队列
TAILQ（Tail queue）	双向	是	否	双端队列，可正反遍历
CIRCLEQ（Circular queue）	双向	是	是	循环双向链表结构

需要说明的是任何链表的结构实现都是基本的相似的，因为他总体架构都是类似的。

本文对于需要研究宏编码作了一个显著的演示，当然了对于业务开发用户，请记住：你只需要的做一件事，那就是学会使用对外的接口。

我直接贴一下，用户可以直接查看。

#ifndef	SYS_QUEUE_H__
#define	SYS_QUEUE_H__

/*
 * Singly-linked List definitions.
 */
#define SLIST_HEAD(name, type)						\
struct name {								\
	struct type *slh_first;	/* first element */			\
}

#define	SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head)					\
	{ NULL }

#ifndef _WIN32
#define SLIST_ENTRY(type)						\
struct {								\
	struct type *sle_next;	/* next element */			\
}
#endif

/*
 * Singly-linked List access methods.
 */
#define	SLIST_FIRST(head)	((head)->slh_first)
#define	SLIST_END(head)		NULL
#define	SLIST_EMPTY(head)	(SLIST_FIRST(head) == SLIST_END(head))
#define	SLIST_NEXT(elm, field)	((elm)->field.sle_next)

#define	SLIST_FOREACH(var, head, field)					\
	for((var) = SLIST_FIRST(head);					\
	    (var) != SLIST_END(head);					\
	    (var) = SLIST_NEXT(var, field))

/*
 * Singly-linked List functions.
 */
#define	SLIST_INIT(head) {						\
	SLIST_FIRST(head) = SLIST_END(head);				\
}

#define	SLIST_INSERT_AFTER(slistelm, elm, field) do {			\
	(elm)->field.sle_next = (slistelm)->field.sle_next;		\
	(slistelm)->field.sle_next = (elm);				\
} while (0)

#define	SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(head, elm, field) do {			\
	(elm)->field.sle_next = (head)->slh_first;			\
	(head)->slh_first = (elm);					\
} while (0)

#define	SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(head, field) do {				\
	(head)->slh_first = (head)->slh_first->field.sle_next;		\
} while (0)

/*
 * List definitions.
 */
#define LIST_HEAD(name, type)						\
struct name {								\
	struct type *lh_first;	/* first element */			\
}

#define LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head)					\
	{ NULL }

#define LIST_ENTRY(type)						\
struct {								\
	struct type *le_next;	/* next element */			\
	struct type **le_prev;	/* address of previous next element */	\
}

/*
 * List access methods
 */
#define	LIST_FIRST(head)		((head)->lh_first)
#define	LIST_END(head)			NULL
#define	LIST_EMPTY(head)		(LIST_FIRST(head) == LIST_END(head))
#define	LIST_NEXT(elm, field)		((elm)->field.le_next)

#define LIST_FOREACH(var, head, field)					\
	for((var) = LIST_FIRST(head);					\
	    (var)!= LIST_END(head);					\
	    (var) = LIST_NEXT(var, field))

/*
 * List functions.
 */
#define	LIST_INIT(head) do {						\
	LIST_FIRST(head) = LIST_END(head);				\
} while (0)

#define LIST_INSERT_AFTER(listelm, elm, field) do {			\
	if (((elm)->field.le_next = (listelm)->field.le_next) != NULL)	\
		(listelm)->field.le_next->field.le_prev =		\
		    &(elm)->field.le_next;				\
	(listelm)->field.le_next = (elm);				\
	(elm)->field.le_prev = &(listelm)->field.le_next;		\
} while (0)

#define	LIST_INSERT_BEFORE(listelm, elm, field) do {			\
	(elm)->field.le_prev = (listelm)->field.le_prev;		\
	(elm)->field.le_next = (listelm);				\
	*(listelm)->field.le_prev = (elm);				\
	(listelm)->field.le_prev = &(elm)->field.le_next;		\
} while (0)

#define LIST_INSERT_HEAD(head, elm, field) do {				\
	if (((elm)->field.le_next = (head)->lh_first) != NULL)		\
		(head)->lh_first->field.le_prev = &(elm)->field.le_next;\
	(head)->lh_first = (elm);					\
	(elm)->field.le_prev = &(head)->lh_first;			\
} while (0)

#define LIST_REMOVE(elm, field) do {					\
	if ((elm)->field.le_next != NULL)				\
		(elm)->field.le_next->field.le_prev =			\
		    (elm)->field.le_prev;				\
	*(elm)->field.le_prev = (elm)->field.le_next;			\
} while (0)

#define LIST_REPLACE(elm, elm2, field) do {				\
	if (((elm2)->field.le_next = (elm)->field.le_next) != NULL)	\
		(elm2)->field.le_next->field.le_prev =			\
		    &(elm2)->field.le_next;				\
	(elm2)->field.le_prev = (elm)->field.le_prev;			\
	*(elm2)->field.le_prev = (elm2);				\
} while (0)

/*
 * Simple queue definitions.
 */
#define SIMPLEQ_HEAD(name, type)					\
struct name {								\
	struct type *sqh_first;	/* first element */			\
	struct type **sqh_last;	/* addr of last next element */		\
}

#define SIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head)					\
	{ NULL, &(head).sqh_first }

#define SIMPLEQ_ENTRY(type)						\
struct {								\
	struct type *sqe_next;	/* next element */			\
}

/*
 * Simple queue access methods.
 */
#define	SIMPLEQ_FIRST(head)	    ((head)->sqh_first)
#define	SIMPLEQ_END(head)	    NULL
#define	SIMPLEQ_EMPTY(head)	    (SIMPLEQ_FIRST(head) == SIMPLEQ_END(head))
#define	SIMPLEQ_NEXT(elm, field)    ((elm)->field.sqe_next)

#define SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(var, head, field)				\
	for((var) = SIMPLEQ_FIRST(head);				\
	    (var) != SIMPLEQ_END(head);					\
	    (var) = SIMPLEQ_NEXT(var, field))

/*
 * Simple queue functions.
 */
#define	SIMPLEQ_INIT(head) do {						\
	(head)->sqh_first = NULL;					\
	(head)->sqh_last = &(head)->sqh_first;				\
} while (0)

#define SIMPLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(head, elm, field) do {			\
	if (((elm)->field.sqe_next = (head)->sqh_first) == NULL)	\
		(head)->sqh_last = &(elm)->field.sqe_next;		\
	(head)->sqh_first = (elm);					\
} while (0)

#define SIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(head, elm, field) do {			\
	(elm)->field.sqe_next = NULL;					\
	*(head)->sqh_last = (elm);					\
	(head)->sqh_last = &(elm)->field.sqe_next;			\
} while (0)

#define SIMPLEQ_INSERT_AFTER(head, listelm, elm, field) do {		\
	if (((elm)->field.sqe_next = (listelm)->field.sqe_next) == NULL)\
		(head)->sqh_last = &(elm)->field.sqe_next;		\
	(listelm)->field.sqe_next = (elm);				\
} while (0)

#define SIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(head, elm, field) do {			\
	if (((head)->sqh_first = (elm)->field.sqe_next) == NULL)	\
		(head)->sqh_last = &(head)->sqh_first;			\
} while (0)

/*
 * Tail queue definitions.
 */
#define TAILQ_HEAD(name, type)						\
struct name {								\
	struct type *tqh_first;	/* first element */			\
	struct type **tqh_last;	/* addr of last next element */		\
}

#define TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head)					\
	{ NULL, &(head).tqh_first }

#define TAILQ_ENTRY(type)						\
struct {								\
	struct type *tqe_next;	/* next element */			\
	struct type **tqe_prev;	/* address of previous next element */	\
}

/*
 * tail queue access methods
 */
#define	TAILQ_FIRST(head)		((head)->tqh_first)
#define	TAILQ_END(head)			NULL
#define	TAILQ_NEXT(elm, field)		((elm)->field.tqe_next)
#define TAILQ_LAST(head, headname)					\
	(*(((struct headname *)((head)->tqh_last))->tqh_last))
/* XXX */
#define TAILQ_PREV(elm, headname, field)				\
	(*(((struct headname *)((elm)->field.tqe_prev))->tqh_last))
#define	TAILQ_EMPTY(head)						\
	(TAILQ_FIRST(head) == TAILQ_END(head))

#define TAILQ_FOREACH(var, head, field)					\
	for((var) = TAILQ_FIRST(head);					\
	    (var) != TAILQ_END(head);					\
	    (var) = TAILQ_NEXT(var, field))

#define TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(var, head, headname, field)		\
	for((var) = TAILQ_LAST(head, headname);				\
	    (var) != TAILQ_END(head);					\
	    (var) = TAILQ_PREV(var, headname, field))

/*
 * Tail queue functions.
 */
#define	TAILQ_INIT(head) do {						\
	(head)->tqh_first = NULL;					\
	(head)->tqh_last = &(head)->tqh_first;				\
} while (0)

#define TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(head, elm, field) do {			\
	if (((elm)->field.tqe_next = (head)->tqh_first) != NULL)	\
		(head)->tqh_first->field.tqe_prev =			\
		    &(elm)->field.tqe_next;				\
	else								\
		(head)->tqh_last = &(elm)->field.tqe_next;		\
	(head)->tqh_first = (elm);					\
	(elm)->field.tqe_prev = &(head)->tqh_first;			\
} while (0)

#define TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(head, elm, field) do {			\
	(elm)->field.tqe_next = NULL;					\
	(elm)->field.tqe_prev = (head)->tqh_last;			\
	*(head)->tqh_last = (elm);					\
	(head)->tqh_last = &(elm)->field.tqe_next;			\
} while (0)

#define TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(head, listelm, elm, field) do {		\
	if (((elm)->field.tqe_next = (listelm)->field.tqe_next) != NULL)\
		(elm)->field.tqe_next->field.tqe_prev =			\
		    &(elm)->field.tqe_next;				\
	else								\
		(head)->tqh_last = &(elm)->field.tqe_next;		\
	(listelm)->field.tqe_next = (elm);				\
	(elm)->field.tqe_prev = &(listelm)->field.tqe_next;		\
} while (0)

#define	TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(listelm, elm, field) do {			\
	(elm)->field.tqe_prev = (listelm)->field.tqe_prev;		\
	(elm)->field.tqe_next = (listelm);				\
	*(listelm)->field.tqe_prev = (elm);				\
	(listelm)->field.tqe_prev = &(elm)->field.tqe_next;		\
} while (0)

#define TAILQ_REMOVE(head, elm, field) do {				\
	if (((elm)->field.tqe_next) != NULL)				\
		(elm)->field.tqe_next->field.tqe_prev =			\
		    (elm)->field.tqe_prev;				\
	else								\
		(head)->tqh_last = (elm)->field.tqe_prev;		\
	*(elm)->field.tqe_prev = (elm)->field.tqe_next;			\
} while (0)

#define TAILQ_REPLACE(head, elm, elm2, field) do {			\
	if (((elm2)->field.tqe_next = (elm)->field.tqe_next) != NULL)	\
		(elm2)->field.tqe_next->field.tqe_prev =		\
		    &(elm2)->field.tqe_next;				\
	else								\
		(head)->tqh_last = &(elm2)->field.tqe_next;		\
	(elm2)->field.tqe_prev = (elm)->field.tqe_prev;			\
	*(elm2)->field.tqe_prev = (elm2);				\
} while (0)

/*
 * Circular queue definitions.
 */
#define CIRCLEQ_HEAD(name, type)					\
struct name {								\
	struct type *cqh_first;		/* first element */		\
	struct type *cqh_last;		/* last element */		\
}

#define CIRCLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head)					\
	{ CIRCLEQ_END(&head), CIRCLEQ_END(&head) }

#define CIRCLEQ_ENTRY(type)						\
struct {								\
	struct type *cqe_next;		/* next element */		\
	struct type *cqe_prev;		/* previous element */		\
}

/*
 * Circular queue access methods
 */
#define	CIRCLEQ_FIRST(head)		((head)->cqh_first)
#define	CIRCLEQ_LAST(head)		((head)->cqh_last)
#define	CIRCLEQ_END(head)		((void *)(head))
#define	CIRCLEQ_NEXT(elm, field)	((elm)->field.cqe_next)
#define	CIRCLEQ_PREV(elm, field)	((elm)->field.cqe_prev)
#define	CIRCLEQ_EMPTY(head)						\
	(CIRCLEQ_FIRST(head) == CIRCLEQ_END(head))

#define CIRCLEQ_FOREACH(var, head, field)				\
	for((var) = CIRCLEQ_FIRST(head);				\
	    (var) != CIRCLEQ_END(head);					\
	    (var) = CIRCLEQ_NEXT(var, field))

#define CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(var, head, field)			\
	for((var) = CIRCLEQ_LAST(head);					\
	    (var) != CIRCLEQ_END(head);					\
	    (var) = CIRCLEQ_PREV(var, field))

/*
 * Circular queue functions.
 */
#define	CIRCLEQ_INIT(head) do {						\
	(head)->cqh_first = CIRCLEQ_END(head);				\
	(head)->cqh_last = CIRCLEQ_END(head);				\
} while (0)

#define CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER(head, listelm, elm, field) do {		\
	(elm)->field.cqe_next = (listelm)->field.cqe_next;		\
	(elm)->field.cqe_prev = (listelm);				\
	if ((listelm)->field.cqe_next == CIRCLEQ_END(head))		\
		(head)->cqh_last = (elm);				\
	else								\
		(listelm)->field.cqe_next->field.cqe_prev = (elm);	\
	(listelm)->field.cqe_next = (elm);				\
} while (0)

#define CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE(head, listelm, elm, field) do {		\
	(elm)->field.cqe_next = (listelm);				\
	(elm)->field.cqe_prev = (listelm)->field.cqe_prev;		\
	if ((listelm)->field.cqe_prev == CIRCLEQ_END(head))		\
		(head)->cqh_first = (elm);				\
	else								\
		(listelm)->field.cqe_prev->field.cqe_next = (elm);	\
	(listelm)->field.cqe_prev = (elm);				\
} while (0)

#define CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(head, elm, field) do {			\
	(elm)->field.cqe_next = (head)->cqh_first;			\
	(elm)->field.cqe_prev = CIRCLEQ_END(head);			\
	if ((head)->cqh_last == CIRCLEQ_END(head))			\
		(head)->cqh_last = (elm);				\
	else								\
		(head)->cqh_first->field.cqe_prev = (elm);		\
	(head)->cqh_first = (elm);					\
} while (0)

#define CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(head, elm, field) do {			\
	(elm)->field.cqe_next = CIRCLEQ_END(head);			\
	(elm)->field.cqe_prev = (head)->cqh_last;			\
	if ((head)->cqh_first == CIRCLEQ_END(head))			\
		(head)->cqh_first = (elm);				\
	else								\
		(head)->cqh_last->field.cqe_next = (elm);		\
	(head)->cqh_last = (elm);					\
} while (0)

#define	CIRCLEQ_REMOVE(head, elm, field) do {				\
	if ((elm)->field.cqe_next == CIRCLEQ_END(head))			\
		(head)->cqh_last = (elm)->field.cqe_prev;		\
	else								\
		(elm)->field.cqe_next->field.cqe_prev =			\
		    (elm)->field.cqe_prev;				\
	if ((elm)->field.cqe_prev == CIRCLEQ_END(head))			\
		(head)->cqh_first = (elm)->field.cqe_next;		\
	else								\
		(elm)->field.cqe_prev->field.cqe_next =			\
		    (elm)->field.cqe_next;				\
} while (0)

#define CIRCLEQ_REPLACE(head, elm, elm2, field) do {			\
	if (((elm2)->field.cqe_next = (elm)->field.cqe_next) ==		\
	    CIRCLEQ_END(head))						\
		(head).cqh_last = (elm2);				\
	else								\
		(elm2)->field.cqe_next->field.cqe_prev = (elm2);	\
	if (((elm2)->field.cqe_prev = (elm)->field.cqe_prev) ==		\
	    CIRCLEQ_END(head))						\
		(head).cqh_first = (elm2);				\
	else								\
		(elm2)->field.cqe_prev->field.cqe_next = (elm2);	\
} while (0)

#endif	/* !SYS_QUEUE_H__ */

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